Deloitte Salesforce Developer Interview Questions

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On December 9, 2024, Posted by CRS Info Solutions , In Salesforce Interview Questions, With Comments Off

Explain the use of the @future annotation in Apex. When would you use it?
How do you prevent recursive triggers in Apex?
How do you handle exceptions in Apex? Give examples of custom exception classes.
Explain the Batchable interface and its role in processing large data volumes.
How does LWC differ from Aura components in Salesforce?
What is a shadow DOM, and how does it affect styling in LWC?
How do you call an Apex method from LWC? What are some best practices for doing this?
What are slots in LWC, and how would you use them in a component?
Explain how to handle authentication for REST API calls in Salesforce.
Describe the use of HTTPCalloutMock for testing callouts in Apex.
Explain the Continuation class in Apex and when it should be used.
What is the Streaming API, and how can it be used in integration scenarios?
Describe a scenario where you would use External Services in Salesforce for integration.

Deloitte Salesforce Developer Interview Questions are designed to challenge your technical prowess and problem-solving skills, making it essential for candidates to be thoroughly prepared. Expect a mix of questions covering key topics such as Apex programming, Visualforce, and Lightning components, along with scenario-based inquiries that test your real-world application of Salesforce concepts. By diving into this content, you will gain crucial insights and strategies that will empower you to navigate the interview process with confidence and clarity.

In an industry where the demand for skilled Salesforce Developers is skyrocketing, an average salary of around $110,000 at Deloitte highlights the lucrative opportunities awaiting those who master the required skills. Familiarizing yourself with the programming languages integral to Salesforce development, like Apex and JavaScript, is critical for your success. This guide will equip you with the knowledge and practical examples needed to stand out in your next interview, ensuring you make a lasting impression and showcase your potential as a valuable asset to the Deloitte team.

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1. How do you handle bulk data processing in Apex?

Handling bulk data processing in Apex is crucial for maintaining performance and ensuring that my code adheres to Salesforce’s governor limits. I often leverage the Batch Apex framework when dealing with large volumes of records. Batch Apex allows me to process records in manageable chunks, which can significantly reduce the risk of hitting governor limits. I define a batch class that implements the Database.Batchable interface, specifying the batch size based on the volume of data and complexity of the processing required.

For example, if I need to process 10,000 records, I might set the batch size to 200. This way, the batch class processes only 200 records at a time, allowing for efficient use of resources. I also ensure that any data modifications are performed within the context of a transaction, which helps maintain data integrity. After processing, I utilize Database.update or Database.insert methods for bulk DML operations, allowing me to make fewer calls to the database and enhance performance.

See also: Salesforce Admin Exam Guide 2024

2. Explain the use of the @future annotation in Apex. When would you use it?

The @future annotation in Apex is a powerful feature that allows me to run methods asynchronously. When I need to execute a long-running process or perform operations that don’t need to be completed immediately, I use @future methods. This is particularly useful when I want to offload tasks such as sending email notifications, making callouts to external systems, or performing operations that can be done in the background without blocking the user interface.

For instance, if I am processing data and want to send a confirmation email once the process is complete, I would call a method annotated with @future. The advantage here is that the user can continue using the application while the email is being sent in the background. However, I need to keep in mind that methods annotated with @future cannot return values and must be static. Moreover, I ensure that I handle governor limits effectively since each @future method has its own limit context.

Salesforce Apex Annotations

3. What are the best practices for writing triggers in Salesforce?

Writing effective triggers is essential for maintaining performance and reliability in Salesforce applications. One of the best practices I follow is the one trigger per object principle. This ensures that all logic related to a specific object is encapsulated within a single trigger, making it easier to manage and debug. I also utilize trigger frameworks to organize my code, which helps separate the business logic from the trigger logic.

Another important practice is to use trigger contexts to handle operations based on the specific event, such as before insert, after update, etc. This approach allows me to control when the logic should execute, reducing unnecessary processing. For instance, if I only want to perform an action during the before insert event, I can simply check the context and execute the logic accordingly. Additionally, I avoid using SOQL queries or DML statements inside loops to prevent hitting governor limits and instead use collections to store data for processing in bulk.

4. How do you prevent recursive triggers in Apex?

Preventing recursive triggers is vital to avoid infinite loops and unintended consequences in Salesforce. To achieve this, I implement a static variable within a helper class. The static variable acts as a flag to indicate whether the trigger logic is already executing. When the trigger starts executing, I check the flag and set it accordingly.

For example, I might define a static Boolean variable named isTriggerExecuted in a separate class. In the trigger, I would check if this variable is false before executing the logic. If it’s false, I set it to true and proceed with the logic; otherwise, I skip execution. This approach effectively prevents the trigger from running multiple times during the same transaction.

public class TriggerHelper {
    public static Boolean isTriggerExecuted = false;
}

trigger AccountTrigger on Account (before insert) {
    if (!TriggerHelper.isTriggerExecuted) {
        TriggerHelper.isTriggerExecuted = true;
        // Trigger logic goes here
    }
}

See also: Trigger framework in Salesforce

5. Explain how to use custom metadata in Apex for dynamic configuration.

Using custom metadata types in Apex allows me to create dynamic configurations that can be easily modified without changing the code. I often define custom metadata types to store configuration settings such as feature toggles, thresholds, or integration endpoints. By querying these metadata types in my Apex code, I can adjust behavior based on the values stored in them, providing flexibility and maintainability.

To implement this, I first create a custom metadata type and define the necessary fields. In my Apex code, I use SOQL queries to retrieve the metadata records and apply the configurations as needed. For example, if I have a custom metadata type called FeatureToggle, I can retrieve the values to determine whether a feature should be enabled or disabled.

List<FeatureToggle__mdt> featureToggles = [SELECT Id, IsEnabled__c FROM FeatureToggle__mdt];
for (FeatureToggle__mdt toggle : featureToggles) {
    if (toggle.IsEnabled__c) {
        // Enable feature
    }
}

6. What is the difference between Database.insert() and insert in Apex? When would you use one over the other?

The primary difference between Database.insert() and the standard insert statement in Apex lies in error handling. When I use the standard insert statement, if the operation fails due to validation rules or triggers, it will throw an exception and halt the entire transaction. In contrast, Database.insert() provides the option to perform partial success, which means I can choose to insert a collection of records and handle any errors for individual records without rolling back the entire transaction.

I typically use Database.insert() when I want to process multiple records and gracefully handle errors. For instance, if I’m inserting a list of leads, and some of them might violate validation rules, I can use the Database.insert() method with the allOrNone parameter set to false. This allows me to insert the valid records and collect any errors for further processing or logging.

List<Lead> leadsToInsert = new List<Lead>();
// Populate leadsToInsert list
Database.SaveResult[] results = Database.insert(leadsToInsert, false);
for (Database.SaveResult result : results) {
    if (!result.isSuccess()) {
        // Log errors
    }
}

See also: Salesforce database methods

7. Describe the Queueable interface and how it differs from @future.

The Queueable interface in Apex provides a way to run asynchronous jobs that can be chained together, offering greater flexibility compared to @future methods. I often use the Queueable interface when I need to perform complex processing that may require multiple steps or when I want to maintain state between jobs. With the ability to enqueue jobs, I can manage processing in a more organized manner, allowing for easier debugging and monitoring.

One key difference is that the Queueable interface supports the implementation of the System.Queueable interface, which enables me to pass objects as parameters, unlike @future methods that only accept simple.
types. Additionally, I can chain multiple Queueable jobs, which is particularly useful when processing requires sequential execution. For example, if I need to perform data transformations followed by sending notifications, I can enqueue the second job from within the first job.

public class MyQueueableJob implements Queueable {
    public void execute(QueueableContext context) {
        // Job logic here
        // Optionally enqueue another job
        System.enqueueJob(new AnotherQueueableJob());
    }
}

8. How do you handle exceptions in Apex? Give examples of custom exception classes.

Handling exceptions in Apex is crucial for ensuring the stability and reliability of my applications. I typically use a combination of try-catch blocks and custom exception classes to manage errors effectively. By creating custom exceptions, I can provide more meaningful error messages and categorize exceptions based on specific business logic. This not only helps in debugging but also in maintaining a clear understanding of where issues may arise.

For example, I might create a custom exception class called InsufficientFundsException that is thrown when a transaction exceeds the available balance. Within my code, I can use a try-catch block to handle this exception and provide a user-friendly message. Here’s how I would implement this:

public class InsufficientFundsException extends Exception {}

public void processTransaction(Decimal amount) {
    try {
        if (amount > availableBalance) {
            throw new InsufficientFundsException('Insufficient funds for this transaction.');
        }
        // Process transaction logic here
    } catch (InsufficientFundsException e) {
        // Handle exception
        System.debug(e.getMessage());
    }
}

See more: Salesforce JavaScript Developer Interview Questions

9. Explain the Batchable interface and its role in processing large data volumes.

The Batchable interface in Apex is essential for handling large data volumes efficiently. By implementing the Database.Batchable interface, I can break down complex operations into smaller chunks, allowing for better resource management and adherence to Salesforce governor limits. Batch Apex processes records asynchronously, and I can specify the size of each batch to optimize performance based on the nature of the data and the operations being performed.

In my implementation of a Batch Apex job, I define three methods: start, execute, and finish. The start method is where I query the records to process, the execute method contains the logic for processing each batch, and the finish method is called after all batches are processed to perform any final actions, such as sending notifications. This structure ensures that I can manage large datasets without overwhelming the platform.

apexCopy codeglobal class MyBatchableClass implements Database.Batchable<SObject> {
    global Database.QueryLocator start(Database.BatchableContext BC) {
        return Database.getQueryLocator('SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Active__c = true');
    }

    global void execute(Database.BatchableContext BC, List<SObject> scope) {
        List<Account> accountsToUpdate = new List<Account>();
        for (SObject s : scope) {
            Account acc = (Account)s;
            acc.Status__c = 'Processed'; // Example of processing logic
            accountsToUpdate.add(acc);
        }
        update accountsToUpdate;
    }

    global void finish(Database.BatchableContext BC) {
        System.debug('Batch processing finished.');
    }
}

In this example, the start method retrieves active accounts, the execute method processes them by updating a status field, and the finish method logs a message indicating that processing is complete. This separation of concerns allows me to focus on each stage of the batch process effectively.

10. What are the governor limits in Salesforce, and how do you manage them in Apex?

Governor limits in Salesforce are runtime limits enforced to ensure efficient use of resources. These limits apply to various aspects of Salesforce, such as the number of SOQL queries, DML statements, and CPU time per transaction. As a Salesforce developer, I must be aware of these limits to avoid hitting them and causing runtime exceptions.

To manage governor limits effectively, I adopt several strategies. First, I minimize the number of SOQL queries by using collections (such as sets and maps) to store and manipulate data. Instead of querying inside loops, I query once and use the results for processing. Second, I batch DML operations to reduce the number of DML statements executed. I also monitor my code for CPU time limits by optimizing algorithms and leveraging asynchronous processing whenever possible. Regularly reviewing and refactoring my code ensures I stay within the defined limits while maintaining optimal performance.

By understanding and implementing these strategies, I can develop robust Salesforce applications that perform well and adhere to the platform’s governor limits, providing a better experience for users.

11. How does LWC differ from Aura components in Salesforce?

Lightning Web Components (LWC) represent a significant shift in Salesforce’s component framework compared to Aura components. The primary difference lies in their underlying architecture. LWC is built on modern web standards, leveraging native browser capabilities such as web components, ES6 modules, and shadow DOM, which allows for better performance and enhanced encapsulation. On the other hand, Aura components are based on a more traditional JavaScript framework that requires more overhead for rendering and data binding. This means LWC components typically load faster and perform better, especially in complex applications.

Another notable difference is the ease of use. LWC embraces a more straightforward programming model that is closer to standard JavaScript. This approach makes it easier for developers familiar with modern JavaScript frameworks like React or Angular to quickly adapt to LWC. In contrast, Aura components can be more complex, requiring a deeper understanding of the Aura framework and its lifecycle events. Overall, LWC provides a cleaner, more efficient development experience while aligning with industry standards, making it the preferred choice for new Salesforce applications.

12. Explain the role of decorators (@api, @track, and @wire) in LWC.

Decorators in Lightning Web Components play a crucial role in managing component properties and facilitating data binding. The @api decorator is used to expose public properties and methods of a component, allowing parent components to access and manipulate them. This is particularly useful when I want to create reusable components that can be configured dynamically based on the parent component’s context. For instance, if I have a child component that displays user data, I can use @api to define a property for the user ID, enabling the parent component to pass the ID and update the displayed data.

The @track decorator, on the other hand, is utilized to make private properties reactive. When I mark a property with @track, any changes to that property trigger re-renders of the component, ensuring that the user interface stays in sync with the underlying data. This is essential for maintaining a responsive and interactive user experience. Lastly, the @wire decorator simplifies the process of retrieving and managing data from Salesforce. By using @wire, I can automatically subscribe to a data source, such as a Salesforce object or Apex method, and the component will reactively update whenever the data changes. This reduces boilerplate code and improves performance by optimizing data fetching.

13. How do you manage state in an LWC component?

Managing state in a Lightning Web Component is essential for ensuring that the component behaves as expected and reflects the current data accurately. I typically use reactive properties to manage state. By defining properties with the @track decorator, I can ensure that any changes to these properties trigger a re-render of the component. This approach allows me to maintain a clear and consistent state throughout the lifecycle of the component.

In addition to reactive properties, I also utilize event handling to manage state changes based on user interactions. For example, when a user clicks a button to submit a form, I can update the component’s state and reflect those changes in the user interface. By maintaining a clear separation between the component’s state and the data being displayed, I can easily manage updates and ensure that the user experience remains seamless and responsive.

14. What is a shadow DOM, and how does it affect styling in LWC?

The shadow DOM is a key feature of Lightning Web Components that provides encapsulation for the component’s structure, styles, and behavior. With shadow DOM, each component has its own isolated DOM tree, which means styles defined within a component do not leak out and affect other components. This encapsulation allows me to create modular, reusable components without worrying about naming conflicts or style interference from other components on the page.

However, while shadow DOM provides many advantages, it also affects how I style components. Styles defined in the component’s CSS file are scoped to that component, meaning they won’t apply globally. If I want to apply styles to elements within a shadow DOM, I must use the component’s CSS. This approach encourages a more structured way of styling components, ensuring that each component remains visually consistent and isolated. Additionally, I can use ::slotted selectors to style projected content in the shadow DOM, enabling me to customize styles while still maintaining encapsulation.

15. How do you handle communication between two LWC components?

Communication between Lightning Web Components can be achieved through various methods, depending on whether the components are in a parent-child relationship or if they are sibling components. For parent-child communication, I utilize @api properties to pass data from the parent to the child component and dispatch custom events to notify the parent of changes. For example, if a child component needs to inform the parent of a button click, I can create a custom event and dispatch it, allowing the parent to listen for that event and take appropriate action.

For sibling components or components that do not share a direct relationship, I often leverage a pub/sub (publish/subscribe) model. This involves using a shared event bus to facilitate communication. I create a utility module to manage the event bus, allowing components to subscribe to specific events and publish messages when necessary. This approach enables loose coupling between components and promotes a more scalable architecture.

// pubsub.js
const events = {};
const publish = (eventName, payload) => {
    if (!events[eventName]) return;
    events[eventName].forEach((callback) => callback(payload));
};
const subscribe = (eventName, callback) => {
    if (!events[eventName]) events[eventName] = [];
    events[eventName].push(callback);
};
const unsubscribe = (eventName, callback) => {
    if (!events[eventName]) return;
    events[eventName] = events[eventName].filter((cb) => cb !== callback);
};

export default { publish, subscribe, unsubscribe };

16. Describe the use of Lightning Data Service (LDS) in LWC.

Lightning Data Service (LDS) is a powerful tool in Lightning Web Components that simplifies the process of working with Salesforce data. By using LDS, I can perform CRUD operations without writing any Apex code, which significantly reduces development time and complexity. LDS handles data caching, record retrieval, and updates, ensuring that my components remain efficient and responsive.

When I use LDS, I typically leverage the lightning-record-form, lightning-record-edit-form, or lightning-record-view-form components to manage data easily. For example, if I want to create a form for editing an Account record, I can use lightning-record-edit-form, specifying the object API name and record ID. This component automatically handles data retrieval and submission, simplifying the process for me. Additionally, because LDS manages data caching, it ensures that my components are always in sync with the latest data from Salesforce, improving overall performance.

See also: Debug Logs in Salesforce

17. How do you call an Apex method from LWC? What are some best practices for doing this?

Calling an Apex method from a Lightning Web Component is a straightforward process that involves importing the method and using it within the component. First, I create an Apex class with the method I want to call, ensuring that it is marked with the @AuraEnabled annotation. This annotation allows the method to be accessible from LWC. In the component, I import the method and call it within a JavaScript function, typically in response to a user action like a button click.

For best practices, I always ensure that the Apex method is designed to handle errors gracefully. This involves using try-catch blocks within the Apex method to manage exceptions and provide meaningful error messages. Additionally, I use Promises in the LWC JavaScript code to handle the asynchronous nature of the method call. This allows me to manage success and error responses effectively.

import getAccountData from '@salesforce/apex/MyApexClass.getAccountData';

handleButtonClick() {
    getAccountData({ accountId: this.recordId })
        .then((result) => {
            this.accountData = result;
        })
        .catch((error) => {
            this.error = error;
        });
}

18. Explain how to use @wire to retrieve data from a Salesforce object in LWC.

Using the @wire decorator in Lightning Web Components is an efficient way to retrieve data from Salesforce objects. The @wire decorator allows me to automatically fetch data and keep my component in sync with the data source. To use @wire, I simply import a wire adapter or an Apex method and annotate a property or a function in my component.

For instance, if I want to retrieve a list of Accounts, I can use the getRecords wire adapter from the lightning/uiRecordApi module. By setting the parameters, such as the object API name and fields to retrieve, I can easily access the data without manually handling the API calls. The data fetched through @wire is reactive, meaning any changes to the underlying data automatically update the component.

import { wire } from 'lwc';
import getAccounts from '@salesforce/apex/AccountController.getAccounts';

export default class AccountList extends LightningElement {
    @wire(getAccounts)
    accounts;

    get accountList() {
        return this.accounts.data ? this.accounts.data : [];
    }
}

19. How can you optimize performance for an LWC component?

Optimizing performance for Lightning Web Components is essential for providing a smooth user experience. One of the key strategies I employ is minimizing the number of DOM elements rendered. I achieve this by conditionally rendering components using the if:true and if:false directives, which help reduce unnecessary elements in the DOM tree. Additionally, I ensure that I only load data when necessary, using @wire to retrieve data and managing data fetching with the appropriate conditions.

Another optimization technique involves using caching strategies. I take advantage of the lightning/uiRecordApi for caching data when possible, allowing me to avoid repeated API calls for the same data. For complex components that require significant processing, I consider using web workers to handle computations off the main thread, improving responsiveness. Lastly, I regularly profile my components using browser developer tools to identify performance bottlenecks and address them promptly.

20. What are slots in LWC, and how would you use them in a component?

Slots in Lightning Web Components provide a mechanism for component composition, allowing me to create reusable components with customizable content. By using <slot> elements in my component’s template, I can define placeholders where external content can be injected. This flexibility enables me to create components that are both generic and adaptable to various use cases.

For example, if I create a modal component, I can use a slot to allow developers to specify custom content for the modal body. This way, the modal component remains versatile, enabling different content to be rendered based on its usage. Here’s how I might implement a slot in a modal component:

<template>
    <section class="modal">
        <header class="modal-header">
            <slot name="header"></slot>
        </header>
        <div class="modal-body">
            <slot></slot> <!-- Default slot -->
        </div>
        <footer class="modal-footer">
            <slot name="footer"></slot>
        </footer>
    </section>
</template>

By leveraging slots, I can enhance the reusability and maintainability of my components, ensuring they can be easily integrated into various contexts while providing a consistent structure.

21. How do you integrate Salesforce with external RESTful web services using Apex?

Integrating Salesforce with external RESTful web services using Apex is a straightforward process that involves making HTTP callouts. To initiate an integration, I typically create an Apex class that utilizes the Http and HttpRequest classes to send requests to the external service. First, I define the endpoint URL, set the request method (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), and specify any required headers, such as Content-Type and Authorization.

Here’s an example of how I would make a GET request to an external RESTful API:

public class ExternalService {
    public String fetchData() {
        Http http = new Http();
        HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();
        request.setEndpoint('https://api.example.com/data');
        request.setMethod('GET');
        request.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');

        HttpResponse response = http.send(request);
        if (response.getStatusCode() == 200) {
            return response.getBody(); // Process response as needed
        } else {
            throw new CalloutException('Failed to fetch data: ' + response.getStatus());
        }
    }
}

In this example, if the response status code is 200, I process the response body; otherwise, I throw an exception. This approach allows me to easily interact with external RESTful services and handle any errors that may arise.

22. Explain how to handle authentication for REST API calls in Salesforce.

Handling authentication for REST API calls in Salesforce typically involves using OAuth 2.0, which is a secure and standardized method. When integrating with external services, I generally need to obtain an access token, which I can use to authenticate subsequent API requests. The process starts with registering the external service in Salesforce and defining an OAuth configuration.

Once I have the necessary credentials (client ID, client secret, and token URL), I make an HTTP POST request to the token endpoint to obtain the access token. I then include this token in the Authorization header for my API calls, ensuring that each request is properly authenticated. Here’s a simplified example of how to obtain the token:

public class AuthService {
    public String getAccessToken() {
        Http http = new Http();
        HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();
        request.setEndpoint('https://api.example.com/oauth/token');
        request.setMethod('POST');
        request.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
        request.setBody('grant_type=client_credentials&client_id=YOUR_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET');

        HttpResponse response = http.send(request);
        if (response.getStatusCode() == 200) {
            Map<String, Object> jsonResponse = (Map<String, Object>) JSON.deserializeUntyped(response.getBody());
            return (String) jsonResponse.get('access_token'); // Extract access token
        } else {
            throw new CalloutException('Failed to obtain access token: ' + response.getStatus());
        }
    }
}

This method allows me to securely authenticate with external services, enabling seamless data exchange.

23. Describe the use of HTTPCalloutMock for testing callouts in Apex.

HTTPCalloutMock is an interface in Apex that enables me to simulate HTTP callouts during unit tests, ensuring that my tests do not rely on external services. By using HTTPCalloutMock, I can define expected responses and behavior for my HTTP requests, allowing me to create a controlled testing environment. This approach is essential for writing robust unit tests that validate the logic of my callout-related code without making actual network calls.

To use HTTPCalloutMock, I first implement the interface in a mock class. In this class, I define the respond method to specify the response I want to return for a given request. Here’s a simple example:

@isTest
global class MockHttpCallout implements HttpCalloutMock {
    global HttpResponse respond(HttpRequest request) {
        HttpResponse response = new HttpResponse();
        response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
        response.setBody('{"success": true}');
        response.setStatusCode(200);
        return response;
    }
}

Next, I use the Test.setMock method in my test class to register the mock implementation:

@isTest
private class ExternalServiceTest {
    @isTest
    static void testFetchData() {
        Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, new MockHttpCallout());
        String result = new ExternalService().fetchData();
        System.assertEquals('{"success": true}', result);
    }
}

This setup ensures that during the test execution, the actual HTTP callout is replaced with the response defined in my mock class, allowing me to test my logic without external dependencies.

24. What is the difference between REST and SOAP APIs in Salesforce?

The REST and SOAP APIs in Salesforce serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics. REST API is a modern web service that operates over HTTP and is based on standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE). It uses lightweight data formats like JSON, making it more suitable for web and mobile applications. I find the REST API easier to use and more efficient for CRUD operations, especially when I need to access Salesforce resources quickly and with minimal overhead.

On the other hand, SOAP API is a protocol that relies on XML-based messaging. It is more rigid in structure, requiring a defined WSDL (Web Services Description Language) file to interact with the service. SOAP is designed for more complex operations and transactions, making it suitable for enterprise-level integrations where formal contracts and stricter standards are required. While SOAP provides built-in error handling and supports WS-Security, its complexity can be a drawback for simpler use cases. Ultimately, my choice between REST and SOAP APIs depends on the specific requirements of the integration scenario.

25. How do you use Platform Events to integrate Salesforce with external systems?

Platform Events provide a robust mechanism for integrating Salesforce with external systems in an event-driven architecture. When I need to communicate changes or actions that occur in Salesforce to external systems, I can publish platform events that external systems can subscribe to. This approach ensures that my integrations are more decoupled and reactive, allowing for real-time data synchronization.

To use platform events for integration, I first define a custom platform event in Salesforce, specifying the fields that external systems need to access. When a significant change occurs in my Salesforce application, I publish an event using the EventBus:

public class EventPublisher {
    public void publishEvent() {
        My_Event__e event = new My_Event__e();
        event.Field1__c = 'value1';
        event.Field2__c = 'value2';
        EventBus.publish(new List<My_Event__e>{ event });
    }
}

External systems can then subscribe to these events, typically using a streaming API or webhook, to receive notifications and take appropriate actions. This method allows for seamless integration between Salesforce and other platforms, enhancing real-time data exchange.

26. Explain the Continuation class in Apex and when it should be used.

The Continuation class in Apex is designed to manage long-running callouts to external services without consuming valuable system resources. When I need to perform a callout that may take an extended period, I use the Continuation class to pause the execution of my Apex code, allowing the system to handle other requests while waiting for the callout to complete. This is particularly useful for scenarios where I expect a delayed response, such as when interacting with external APIs that may have variable response times.

Here’s a basic example of using the Continuation class:

public class LongRunningCallout {
    public Object startCallout() {
        Continuation cont = new Continuation(40); // Set timeout to 40 seconds
        HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
        req.setEndpoint('https://api.example.com/long-running-task');
        req.setMethod('GET');

        cont.addHttpRequest(req);
        return cont; // Returns continuation object to the caller
    }

    public Object handleResponse(Continuation cont) {
        HttpResponse res = cont.getResponse(0);
        if (res.getStatusCode() == 200) {
            return res.getBody(); // Process response
        } else {
            throw new CalloutException('Callout failed: ' + res.getStatus());
        }
    }
}

In this example, I set a timeout for the continuation and initiate a long-running callout. When the response is received, I handle it in a separate method, ensuring that my application remains responsive while waiting for the external service.

Checkout: Variables in Salesforce Apex

27. How do you use Named Credentials in Salesforce for making callouts?

Named Credentials in Salesforce simplify the process of authenticating and making callouts to external services. By using named credentials, I can store the endpoint URL, authentication details, and other settings in a single location. This eliminates the need to hardcode sensitive information in my Apex code, enhancing security and maintainability.

To set up a named credential, I navigate to the Named Credentials setup page in Salesforce, where I specify the name, URL, and authentication parameters for the external service. Once configured, I can reference the named credential in my Apex code using the URL keyword:

public class ExternalService {
    public String fetchData() {
        Http http = new Http();
        HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();
        request.setEndpoint('callout:My_Named_Credential/data');
        request.setMethod('GET');
        
        HttpResponse response = http.send(request);
        if (response.getStatusCode() == 200) {
            return response.getBody(); // Process response
        } else {
            throw new CalloutException('Failed to fetch data: ' + response.getStatus());
        }
    }
}

In this example, I use the callout: prefix to reference the named credential, allowing the callout to inherit the authentication settings defined in the named credential. This approach streamlines the integration process and reduces the risk of credential leaks.

28. What is the Streaming API, and how can it be used in integration scenarios?

The Streaming API in Salesforce is designed to enable real-time notifications of changes to Salesforce data, allowing external systems to react promptly to updates. This API supports the Publish/Subscribe model, where external clients can subscribe to specific events, such as changes to records or custom platform events. When a change occurs, Salesforce sends a notification to all subscribed clients, ensuring they stay updated without the need for constant polling.

In integration scenarios, I can use the Streaming API to keep external systems in sync with Salesforce data. For instance, if I have a customer management system that needs to reflect changes in Salesforce records, I can create a PushTopic or subscribe to platform events to receive notifications when relevant changes occur. Here’s an example of how I might define a PushTopic:

PushTopic myPushTopic = new PushTopic();
myPushTopic.Name = 'AccountUpdates';
myPushTopic.Query = 'SELECT Id, Name FROM Account';
myPushTopic.ApiVersion = 52.0;
insert myPushTopic;

Once the PushTopic is set up, external systems can subscribe to it to receive updates in real-time. This capability enhances the integration’s efficiency and responsiveness, making it easier to manage data consistency across platforms.

Read More: Data types in Salesforce Apex

29. How do you handle large data transfers between Salesforce and external systems?

Handling large data transfers between Salesforce and external systems requires careful consideration of limits and best practices. Salesforce has governor limits that restrict the amount of data processed in a single transaction, which can pose challenges when transferring large datasets. To manage this, I often use bulk APIs and batch processing techniques to break down the data into smaller, manageable chunks.

For example, when transferring large amounts of data to an external system, I might use the Salesforce Bulk API to extract records in batches. This allows me to process thousands of records without hitting limits. Additionally, I can implement asynchronous processing using the Batch Apex feature to handle the data in the background, ensuring that my main application remains responsive.

Here’s a simple example of a Batch Apex class:

global class BulkDataTransfer implements Database.Batchable<SObject> {
    global Database.QueryLocator start(Database.BatchableContext BC) {
        return Database.getQueryLocator('SELECT Id, Name FROM Account');
    }
    
    global void execute(Database.BatchableContext BC, List<SObject> scope) {
        // Logic to transfer data to external system
    }
    
    global void finish(Database.BatchableContext BC) {
        // Logic to execute after batch completion
    }
}

By leveraging batch processing and bulk APIs, I can efficiently manage large data transfers, minimizing the risk of exceeding limits while ensuring smooth integration with external systems.

30. Describe a scenario where you would use External Services in Salesforce for integration.

External Services in Salesforce allow me to easily integrate and consume external APIs without writing custom code. A typical scenario where I would use External Services is when I need to connect Salesforce to a third-party payment gateway to process transactions. In this case, I can define the API schema for the payment gateway using an OpenAPI specification, allowing Salesforce to generate the necessary integration logic.

For example, if I want to create a seamless experience for users to make payments directly from Salesforce, I would first register the external API using the External Services feature. Once registered, I can create flows and Apex actions that utilize the defined API methods to process payments and retrieve transaction statuses. This way, I can streamline the payment process without heavy coding, enabling me to focus on delivering value to users.

By using External Services, I can integrate with external APIs in a declarative way, significantly speeding up development time while ensuring maintainability and scalability of the integration. This approach enhances the overall user experience and provides a more efficient workflow for managing transactions within Salesforce.

Conclusion

In preparing for the Deloitte Salesforce Developer Interview, I understand that my success hinges on my ability to showcase both technical expertise and innovative problem-solving skills. The array of questions typically posed—ranging from Apex programming to Lightning Web Components (LWC) and integration strategies—serves as a gateway for me to demonstrate my comprehensive knowledge of Salesforce technologies. By articulating my understanding of best practices and my hands-on experience, I can effectively illustrate how I would contribute to Deloitte’s mission of delivering exceptional solutions that drive client success.

Moreover, staying current with the latest Salesforce developments is crucial. This not only enriches my responses but also positions me as a proactive and engaged candidate who is eager to embrace the evolving landscape of Salesforce development. I aim to captivate the interviewers by weaving my passion for technology with a clear vision of how I can add value to their projects. With a strong command of key concepts and the ability to communicate them effectively, I am determined to leave a lasting impression that underscores my readiness to thrive in a dynamic and collaborative environment.

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