Spring Boot Interview Questions

Spring Boot Interview Questions

On February 18, 2025, Posted by , In Interview Questions, With Comments Off on Spring Boot Interview Questions
Spring Boot Interview Questions

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Spring Boot is one of the most in-demand frameworks for building powerful, production-ready Java applications quickly and efficiently. In my experience, Spring Boot interview questions often dive into real-world scenarios, requiring more than just a surface-level understanding of the framework. You’ll be expected to demonstrate knowledge across core concepts, such as dependency injection, auto-configuration, and starter modules, while also showcasing advanced skills in microservices, RESTful API development, and data management with Spring Data JPA. These questions are designed to assess both your technical skills and your ability to build scalable applications, making it crucial to be well-prepared.

This guide is packed with questions and in-depth answers that I know will help you confidently tackle even the most challenging Spring Boot interview questions. From explaining Spring Boot’s architecture to handling exception management and deploying in the cloud, these insights cover everything you need to stand out. With companies increasingly seeking developers proficient in Java and Spring Boot, salaries are highly competitive, averaging between $90,000 to $130,000 annually for those with strong integration skills. If you’re ready to secure a top role and highlight your expertise, this guide will give you a solid foundation to excel in your next interview.

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1. How does Spring Boot handle application properties and YAML files?

In Spring Boot, configuration properties can be handled through either application.properties or application.yml files, which allow me to define various settings like server ports, database connections, or custom properties for my application. Spring Boot automatically loads these files, making it simple to set up configurations without extensive XML or Java code. While application.properties is the default file format, application.yml offers a more readable structure, especially for nested properties, which I find useful in complex configurations. By organizing configurations in profiles (like application-dev.yml), I can manage environment-specific settings easily, which helps a lot when switching between development, testing, and production.

The two formats (.properties and .yml) serve the same purpose but cater to different preferences. YAML files, with their nested structure, make grouping properties more intuitive, while .properties files are suitable for simpler key-value pairs. To access these properties, I usually inject them into my classes using the @Value annotation or @ConfigurationProperties. This makes configurations modular and easily accessible, allowing changes without modifying source code. Here’s a quick example of accessing a property from application.properties:

@Value("${app.title}")
private String appTitle;

Using this approach, I can keep configuration values in one place, making them easy to modify as needed.

2. What is Spring Boot, and what are its main features?

Spring Boot is a framework built on top of the Spring Framework to simplify the process of creating standalone, production-ready applications with minimal configuration. Its main aim is to eliminate the need for XML configurations and boilerplate code, which makes my development experience more efficient. With auto-configuration, Spring Boot automatically sets up the application based on dependencies present in the classpath, allowing me to focus on coding the core business logic rather than managing configurations.

One of the most powerful features of Spring Boot is its embedded servers, like Tomcat and Jetty, which allow me to package applications as JAR files and run them independently without needing an external server. Additionally, features like Spring Boot Starters provide curated dependency sets for common tasks, such as web or data handling, making it easy to get started without manually managing libraries. I also rely on the Actuator module for monitoring and Spring Initializr for quick project setup. Together, these features make Spring Boot an ideal choice for building modern applications quickly.

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3. How do you monitor Spring Boot applications using Actuator and Micrometer?

Spring Boot Actuator is an excellent tool for adding management and monitoring endpoints to my Spring Boot applications. It provides endpoints for health checks, metrics, environment details, and more, which I find invaluable for maintaining a live application. Actuator can be customized to expose only the endpoints I need, and I often use /actuator/health and /actuator/metrics endpoints to get a quick look at the application’s status. Additionally, by configuring application.properties to customize the endpoints, I can control who has access to sensitive information, enhancing security.

For advanced monitoring, I integrate Actuator with Micrometer, which acts as a bridge to monitoring tools like Prometheus, Grafana, and Datadog. Micrometer enables me to capture specific metrics and visualize them through these external tools. For example, I can monitor request times, CPU load, and JVM stats in real time, which helps identify bottlenecks and optimize performance. Here’s an example of enabling Actuator and configuring a simple metric with Micrometer:

@Bean
public MeterRegistryCustomizer<MeterRegistry> metricsCommonTags() {
    return registry -> registry.config().commonTags("application", "myApp");
}

This customization adds tags to metrics, making it easier to filter and analyze the data in a connected monitoring system.

4. How can you implement logging in Spring Boot using Logback or SLF4J?

In Spring Boot, I typically implement logging using Logback or SLF4J, as both libraries are included by default. Logback is the default logging framework in Spring Boot and works with SLF4J, which acts as an abstraction layer, allowing me to switch logging frameworks easily. The application.properties file allows me to configure Logback settings, such as log levels and log file locations. By setting logging.level, I can adjust the verbosity of logs for different packages or classes, which is useful when I need more detailed logs during debugging but less noise in production.

To further control logging, I can create a logback-spring.xml file for more advanced configurations, like rolling file appenders or custom log formats. This is helpful when I need to archive older logs and keep the log files organized. Here’s an example of setting a logging level in application.properties:

logging.level.com.example.myapp=DEBUG

With this setup, I ensure that logs for myapp appear at the DEBUG level, which is particularly helpful for tracing issues. By combining SLF4J with Logback, I have a flexible and powerful logging solution in Spring Boot.

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5. How do you handle cross-origin requests (CORS) in a Spring Boot application?

Handling CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) in a Spring Boot application is crucial when I need to allow external applications to interact with my APIs securely. Spring Boot simplifies CORS configurations by providing the @CrossOrigin annotation, which can be added directly to controller methods to allow specific origins to access resources. I can define allowed origins, methods, and headers, making it straightforward to control which external domains have access.

For more comprehensive CORS management, I use a WebMvcConfigurer to configure global CORS mappings. This approach is beneficial when I need to set up CORS rules for multiple endpoints. Here’s an example of implementing a CORS configuration in a Spring Boot application:

@Configuration
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Override
    public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
        registry.addMapping("/**").allowedOrigins("https://example.com");
    }
}

This setup allows all endpoints to be accessed from https://example.com while ensuring other origins are blocked, improving security for my application.

6. What is the difference between @Component, @Service, and @Repository in Spring Boot?

In Spring Boot, @Component, @Service, and @Repository annotations are used to define beans, but they serve different purposes within the framework. @Component is a generic stereotype for creating beans in Spring’s IoC container, and I often use it when there isn’t a specific role the bean fulfills. It’s ideal for utility classes or any generic class that needs dependency injection.

@Service is a specialization of @Component and is used for business logic classes. Using @Service helps with readability, indicating that the class contains business operations. @Repository, another specialization, is applied to data access objects (DAOs) and integrates with Spring Data JPA to handle exceptions and manage transactions automatically. By knowing these distinctions, I can structure my Spring Boot applications more effectively, ensuring clarity in my code and reducing boilerplate error handling.

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7. How do you implement security in a Spring Boot application using Spring Security?

To implement security in a Spring Boot application, I typically use Spring Security, which provides a comprehensive set of tools for authentication and authorization. By adding the spring-boot-starter-security dependency, Spring Security is automatically enabled, securing all endpoints by default. From there, I can customize security settings in a SecurityConfig class, where I define roles, access levels, and URL patterns.

To manage user access, I create roles like USER and ADMIN and configure which endpoints they can access. Spring Security also allows me to integrate different authentication methods, such as in-memory, JDBC, or even OAuth2. Here’s an example of setting up basic authentication in a Spring Boot application:

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("ADMIN")
            .anyRequest().authenticated()
            .and().httpBasic();
    }
}

With this configuration, I control access to specific endpoints, enhancing security by restricting resources based on roles.

8. How do you test Spring Boot REST APIs with MockMvc?

Testing REST APIs in Spring Boot is straightforward with MockMvc, which simulates HTTP requests and allows me to validate responses without deploying the application. I typically set up MockMvc in my test cases to perform GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE requests and check the response status, headers, and body content. By mocking the web layer, I can focus on testing the controller logic without needing to start a server, which speeds up the testing process.

Using MockMvc, I can also test different scenarios, such as valid and invalid inputs or error handling. Here’s an example of a basic test using MockMvc:

@Test
public void shouldReturnUserWhenGetUser() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(get("/users/1"))
        .andExpect(status().isOk())
        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("John Doe"));
}

This test checks if the GET request to /users/1 returns a successful response and that the name field is “John Doe.” MockMvc is a valuable tool for ensuring that REST APIs work as expected and handle various cases effectively.

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9. What are the differences between Spring and Spring Boot?

Spring and Spring Boot share many core functionalities, but Spring Boot builds on the Spring Framework to simplify development. While the Spring Framework requires a lot of configuration and setup, Spring Boot offers auto-configuration and starter dependencies to streamline the process. With Spring Boot, I don’t need to spend time setting up configurations, as it handles most of that automatically, making it quicker to get started.

Another significant difference is the embedded server. In a Spring application, I would typically deploy it to an external server like Tomcat, whereas Spring Boot includes an embedded server, allowing the application to run independently as a JAR file. Spring Boot’s opinionated defaults also make it more straightforward to create production-ready applications, which saves me time and reduces potential errors.

10. What is the role of @ConfigurationProperties in Spring Boot, and how is it used?

The @ConfigurationProperties annotation in Spring Boot allows me to map application properties directly to Java objects, which helps when I need to manage complex configurations. By annotating a class with @ConfigurationProperties, I can inject values from the application.properties or application.yml file, organizing settings in a structured way. This approach is beneficial when dealing with nested properties or large sets of configuration data.

To use @ConfigurationProperties, I need to enable it in my application. Here’s an example of mapping a set of custom properties:

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "app")
public class AppProperties {
    private String name;
    private String description;
    // getters and setters
}

In this example, properties with the app prefix (like app.name) are mapped to fields in the AppProperties class, making it easy to inject them as needed.

11. How do you change the default port in a Spring Boot application?

To change the default port in a Spring Boot application, set the server.port property in the application.properties or application.yml file. By default, Spring Boot uses port 8080. Setting server.port=9090 (or any other port) in the properties file will change it. Alternatively, you can set it programmatically within the application using Java code as shown below:

@Bean
public WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableWebServerFactory> webServerFactoryCustomizer() {
    return factory -> factory.setPort(9090);
}

This approach allows for more flexibility in changing the port directly in the code.

12. What are the possible sources of external configuration in Spring Boot?

Spring Boot supports multiple sources of external configuration including application.properties or application.yml, environment variables, command-line arguments, and profiles. Additionally, properties can be loaded from external files, Java system properties, and even cloud configuration services. These options help manage configurations across various environments like development, testing, and production.

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13. How does Spring Boot support reactive programming, and when should you use it?

Spring Boot supports reactive programming through the Spring WebFlux module, which is based on the Reactor library and enables asynchronous and non-blocking requests. Reactive programming is ideal for applications requiring high-throughput, such as real-time data processing. For example, using WebFlux with a Mono or Flux type return in REST methods provides non-blocking I/O, as shown below:

@GetMapping("/reactive-endpoint")
public Mono<String> reactiveEndpoint() {
    return Mono.just("Hello, Reactive World!");
}

This enables efficient handling of multiple requests, especially useful in microservices architecture.

14. How can you create custom error pages in Spring Boot?

To create custom error pages in Spring Boot, you can place HTML files named error.html or 404.html in the src/main/resources/templates directory to handle general or specific errors. Spring Boot will automatically render these pages. Alternatively, using the @ControllerAdvice and @ExceptionHandler annotations allows handling errors programmatically:

@ControllerAdvice
public class CustomErrorController {
    @ExceptionHandler(NotFoundException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<String> handleNotFound() {
        return new ResponseEntity<>("Custom 404 Error", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
    }
}

This approach allows for custom error handling within the code.

15. What Spring Boot starters are available, and what are their purposes?

Spring Boot offers several starter dependencies to simplify setup. For example, spring-boot-starter-web includes dependencies for building web applications, spring-boot-starter-data-jpa for data access with JPA, and spring-boot-starter-security for integrating Spring Security. These starters bundle common libraries, making it easier to start development without manually managing dependencies.

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16. What is the purpose of @RestController annotation, and how is it different from @Controller in Spring Boot?

The @RestController annotation in Spring Boot is used to create RESTful web services. It combines @Controller and @ResponseBody, meaning each method returns data directly as JSON or XML rather than a view. In contrast, @Controller is typically used to return HTML views. For example:

@RestController
public class MyRestController {
    @GetMapping("/greeting")
    public String greeting() {
        return "Hello, World!";
    }
}

With @RestController, I eliminate the need for @ResponseBody on each method, simplifying REST API development.

17. How do you register a custom auto-configuration in Spring Boot?

To register a custom auto-configuration in Spring Boot, I create a class annotated with @Configuration and then register it in the META-INF/spring.factories file with the EnableAutoConfiguration key. For example:

@Configuration
public class CustomAutoConfig {
    // Custom configuration beans
}

In the spring.factories file:

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=com.example.CustomAutoConfig

This allows the custom configuration to load automatically when specific conditions are met, integrating it with Spring Boot’s auto-configuration.

18. How do you write integration tests in Spring Boot?

For integration tests in Spring Boot, I use @SpringBootTest to load the application context and test it in a production-like environment. This annotation, along with @Autowired for dependency injection, allows testing interactions between components. Using MockMvc for web layers, as shown below, can help verify REST API responses:

@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class MyIntegrationTest {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void testEndpoint() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(get("/api/resource"))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(content().string("Expected Response"));
    }
}

This test checks if the API response matches the expected output.

19. How do you implement caching in a Spring Boot application?

Spring Boot supports caching with the @EnableCaching annotation to activate caching across the application. Use @Cacheable, @CachePut, and @CacheEvict annotations to control cache behavior for specific methods. For instance, @Cacheable helps reduce database calls by caching the method’s return value:

@Cacheable("items")
public List<Item> getItems() {
    return itemRepository.findAll();
}

This will cache the getItems() result, speeding up future calls to this method.

20. How can we set up a Spring Boot application with Maven?

Setting up a Spring Boot application with Maven involves creating a Maven project and adding the spring-boot-starter-parent dependency in the pom.xml. This parent provides default configurations. Next, include spring-boot-starter dependencies based on functionality. To start, run mvn spring-boot:run in the terminal:

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.5.4</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Running this command initializes the application with necessary dependencies.

21. How do you handle database migrations in Spring Boot using Flyway or Liquibase?

In Spring Boot, Flyway and Liquibase are popular tools for managing database migrations. Flyway handles migrations by executing SQL files placed in the db/migration directory. By adding the Flyway dependency, Spring Boot automatically picks up these migrations on startup. To manage more complex migrations with Liquibase, I use XML, YAML, or JSON-based changelog files, which allow for detailed tracking and rollback capabilities. Adding either Flyway or Liquibase dependencies to pom.xml or build.gradle enables automated migration execution.

22. How do you deploy Spring Boot web applications as JAR and WAR files?

Spring Boot applications can be deployed as both JAR and WAR files. By default, they are packaged as executable JARs, which can run independently with java -jar filename.jar. To deploy as a WAR, I configure the project with spring-boot-starter-tomcat as a provided dependency and extend SpringBootServletInitializer in the main application class. Afterward, I package it as a WAR using Maven or Gradle, which can then be deployed to an external web server like Tomcat.

23. What is Spring Initializr, and how is it used?

Spring Initializr is an online tool that generates a Spring Boot project structure with pre-configured dependencies. Through the Spring Initializr web interface or IDE plugins, I select the required modules, language, packaging type, and Java version, which then generates a ZIP file with the necessary dependencies. This helps quickly bootstrap Spring Boot projects without manually setting up configurations.

24. How do you handle file uploads and downloads in a Spring Boot application?

To handle file uploads in Spring Boot, I use the @PostMapping annotation along with @RequestParam to accept MultipartFile objects. For instance:

@PostMapping("/upload")
public String uploadFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
    // Process file
    return "File uploaded successfully!";
}

For downloads, I create an endpoint that serves the file as a Resource, setting response headers appropriately for download.

25. How do you run multiple Spring Boot applications on the same server?

Running multiple Spring Boot applications on the same server requires setting unique ports for each application. In each application’s application.properties, specify a different port with server.port property, such as server.port=8081 for one and server.port=8082 for another. This enables multiple instances to run without conflict on a single server.

26. What basic annotations does Spring Boot offer, and what are their purposes?

Spring Boot provides essential annotations like @SpringBootApplication for enabling auto-configuration, component scanning, and Spring Boot configuration. Other critical annotations include @RestController for REST APIs, @Autowired for dependency injection, and @Configuration for defining Java-based configuration classes. These annotations simplify the setup and management of Spring Boot applications.

27. How does Spring Boot manage dependency injection and auto-wiring?

Spring Boot leverages Spring’s dependency injection (DI) and auto-wiring features through annotations like @Autowired, @Component, @Service, and @Repository. Spring Boot automatically scans and wires beans based on these annotations, making dependency management seamless. The DI container in Spring Boot creates and injects beans where needed, ensuring modular and maintainable code.

28. What is the difference between Spring WebFlux and Spring MVC in Spring Boot?

Spring WebFlux is designed for reactive programming and supports non-blocking, asynchronous operations, making it suitable for high-throughput applications. In contrast, Spring MVC follows a traditional, blocking request-response model. While WebFlux uses Mono and Flux types for reactive streams, Spring MVC operates with regular Controller classes and synchronous handling.

29. What is the purpose of @EnableAutoConfiguration in Spring Boot?

The @EnableAutoConfiguration annotation enables Spring Boot’s auto-configuration feature, automatically setting up beans based on the dependencies present in the project. When applied, it simplifies configuration by loading beans only if required classes and properties are found, significantly reducing manual setup.

30. How to disable a specific auto-configuration in Spring Boot?

To disable specific auto-configuration in Spring Boot, I use the @SpringBootApplication annotation with the exclude attribute. For example, @SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class) disables data source auto-configuration, which can be useful if I don’t need certain configurations or want more control over my application setup.

31. Which embedded servers does Spring Boot support, and how do you change the default server?

Spring Boot supports Tomcat, Jetty, and Undertow as embedded servers. By default, it uses Tomcat, but you can change it by excluding the spring-boot-starter-tomcat dependency and adding the desired server’s starter, such as spring-boot-starter-jetty or spring-boot-starter-undertow. Additionally, the server properties, like port and context path, can be configured in application.properties:

server.port=8081
server.servlet.context-path=/myapp

32. How do you implement pagination and sorting in Spring Data JPA with Spring Boot?

In Spring Data JPA, I implement pagination and sorting by using the Pageable and Sort parameters in repository methods. For example, findAll(Pageable pageable) can handle both pagination and sorting when passed a PageRequest. This allows me to retrieve data in manageable chunks, improving performance, especially in large datasets. For example:

import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;

public Page<MyEntity> getPagedEntities(int page, int size) {
    Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size);
    return myEntityRepository.findAll(pageable);
}

This allows me to retrieve data in manageable chunks, improving performance, especially with large datasets.

33. What does it mean that Spring Boot supports relaxed binding?

Spring Boot’s relaxed binding means that properties can be specified in various formats, such as camelCase, kebab-case, or snake_case, and Spring Boot automatically maps them. This flexibility makes configuration easier, as it recognizes different formats consistently, so my.property.name in YAML can be equivalent to MY_PROPERTY_NAME in environment variables. For instance:

my.property-name: value1
my.property_name: value2
myPropertyName: value3

Spring Boot would interpret each of these as the same property, making configuration management more flexible.

34. Why do we need Spring profiles in Spring Boot?

Spring profiles allow me to define different configurations for different environments, like development, testing, and production. By specifying spring.profiles.active=dev in application.properties, Spring Boot loads only the beans and configurations relevant to that profile, which helps manage environment-specific settings and keeps configurations organized.

# application-dev.properties
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:devdb

This helps me manage environment-specific settings without hardcoding configuration differences.

35. How do you tell an auto-configuration to back away when a bean already exists?

In Spring Boot, auto-configuration is designed to back away when user-defined beans are present. By using @ConditionalOnMissingBean on an auto-configured bean, Spring Boot only configures it if a user-defined bean of that type does not already exist, providing control over which beans are managed automatically.

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public MyService myService() {
    return new MyServiceImpl();
}

This provides control over which beans are automatically configured, making the setup flexible.

36. What is Spring Boot DevTools, and how does it help during development?

Spring Boot DevTools is a set of utilities that enhance the development experience. With DevTools enabled, Spring Boot automatically reloads the application on changes, speeding up the development process. It also disables caching and enables debugging configurations by default, helping developers see updates without restarting the application manually.

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

This enables automatic restarts and disables caching, making development smoother by allowing me to see changes instantly without restarting manually.

37. How to use Spring Boot for command-line applications?

I use Spring Boot for command-line applications by implementing the CommandLineRunner interface, which provides a run method that executes after the application context is loaded. This is useful for tasks like data loading or batch processing, as I can run logic directly when the application starts.

import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;

@Component
public class MyCommandLineApp implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) {
        System.out.println("Application started with command-line arguments.");
    }
}

This is useful for tasks like data loading or batch processing, as I can execute logic immediately when the application starts.

38. How does Spring Boot handle exception handling globally using @ControllerAdvice?

With @ControllerAdvice, Spring Boot allows me to implement global exception handling. By creating a class with methods annotated with @ExceptionHandler, I can manage and customize the response for specific exceptions across all controllers, making error handling more consistent and centralized.

For example:

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    @ExceptionHandler(value = { Exception.class })
    public ResponseEntity<Object> handleException(Exception ex) {
        return new ResponseEntity<>("An error occurred", HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
    }
}

This centralized approach makes error handling more consistent across all controllers.

39. What is Spring Boot Actuator, and what are its common use cases?

Spring Boot Actuator provides production-ready features for monitoring and managing applications. It offers endpoints like /health and /metrics to check application health and performance metrics. Actuator is commonly used for gathering insights, monitoring key metrics, and managing application health in real-time.

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

Then, endpoints like /health and /metrics become available, allowing me to check application health and performance metrics in real-time.

40. How to register custom error pages in Spring Boot?

To register custom error pages in Spring Boot, I create an error directory under src/main/resources/static and place custom HTML pages named by the status code (e.g., 404.html). Alternatively, I can implement a @Controller that handles specific error status codes by mapping them to custom views. This setup allows me to create user-friendly error pages.:

<!-- src/main/resources/static/error/404.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Page Not Found</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Oops! Page Not Found (404)</h1>
    <p>Sorry, but the page you are looking for does not exist.</p>
</body>
</html>

Alternatively, I can create a @Controller to handle specific errors by mapping them to custom views.

Conclusion

When preparing for a Spring Boot interview, it’s crucial to not only understand the core principles but also how to apply them in real-world scenarios. Mastering key concepts such as auto-configuration, dependency injection, and the variety of Spring Boot annotations will demonstrate your ability to build scalable, production-ready applications. Being well-versed in tools like Spring Data JPA, Spring Security, and Spring Boot Actuator will show you’re ready to tackle challenges in both development and operations. Additionally, understanding how to manage application properties, configure embedded servers, and handle deployment will position you as a strong candidate.

To stand out in your interview, dive deeper into advanced Spring Boot features like Flyway, Liquibase, and custom error pages, as they reveal your ability to manage complex systems effectively. Your familiarity with building command-line applications and implementing global exception handling will showcase your versatility and attention to detail. Employers want developers who can not only create efficient code but also optimize application performance and ensure smooth deployment. By mastering these topics and showing how you can apply them in a real-world environment, you’ll prove that you’re ready to contribute from day one.

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